In this contribution I examine again the story of Bishop Ambrose’s two embassies at the court of Magnus Maximus in Trier. I have compared the letter, in which those embassies are remembered (Ambr. Ep. 30, M. 24), with other contemporary testimonies, in order to verify the reported information and to fix the chronology (still discussed) of the second legation. A set of factors, linked to the military and diplomatic events of the years 383-388, leads us to believe that Ambrose did not alter the text at the time of publication (apart from some inevitable formal interventions), so that the reliability of the story and historical data that it offers is not in doubt. It is therefore possible to believe that the bishop went on a mission to Trier again between the end of 384 and the beginning of 385, in order to ask Maximus for the body of Emperor Gratian, and to find an agreement with the bishops present there on the Priscillianist question. As Ambrose declares at the beginning, he deemed it necessary to write the letter to Valentinian II, because shortly before returning to Milan he had achieved neither one nor the other result, and wanted to be the person who explained the reasons to the emperor. In reality, if he did not manage to interfere in the least with the Priscillianist question, it is likely that, Magnus Maximus decided to return Gratian's body, even though in a closed-door consistorium after Ambrose had left Trier. In fact, in the funeral oration for the young Valentinian II, recited a few years later, the bishop declared: quam angusto vitam fine clausistis, quam proxima vobis mortis fuere confinia, quam sepulcra vicina!

In questo contributo esamino di nuovo il racconto delle due ambascerie del vescovo Ambrogio alla corte di Magno Massimo a Treviri. Ho confrontato la lettera, in cui esse sono ricordate (Ambr. Ep. 30, M. 24), con altre testimonianze coeve, al fine di verificare le notizie riportate e di fissare la cronologia (tuttora discussa) della seconda legazione. Un insieme di fattori, legati agli eventi militari e diplomatici degli anni 383-388, spinge a credere che Ambrogio non abbia alterato il testo al momento della pubblicazione (a parte alcuni inevitabili interventi formali), cosicché l’attendibilità del racconto e dei dati storici che offre non è in dubbio. È possibile pertanto ritenere che il vescovo si sia recato di nuovo in missione a Treviri tra la fine del 384 e l’inizio del 385, al fine di richiedere a Massimo la salma dell’imperatore Graziano e per trovare un accordo con i vescovi ivi presenti sulla questione priscillianista. Come Ambrogio dichiara in apertura, egli ritenne necessario scrivere la lettera a Valentiniano II, perché poco prima di tornare a Milano egli non aveva raggiunto né l’uno, né l’altro fine e voleva essere egli stesso a spiegarne i motivi all’imperatore. In realtà, se egli non riuscì minimamente a interferire sulla questione prisciallinista, è probabile invece che, non di fronte al vescovo, ma in un consistorium a porte chiuse, Magno Massimo abbia deciso di restituire il corpo di Graziano. Nell’orazione funebre per il giovane Valentiniano II, infatti, il vescovo dichiarò: quam angusto vitam fine clausistis, quam proxima vobis mortis fuere confinia, quam sepulcra vicina!

Ambrogio a Treviri, in una Corte poco ospitale

Lizzi, Rita
2020

Abstract

In this contribution I examine again the story of Bishop Ambrose’s two embassies at the court of Magnus Maximus in Trier. I have compared the letter, in which those embassies are remembered (Ambr. Ep. 30, M. 24), with other contemporary testimonies, in order to verify the reported information and to fix the chronology (still discussed) of the second legation. A set of factors, linked to the military and diplomatic events of the years 383-388, leads us to believe that Ambrose did not alter the text at the time of publication (apart from some inevitable formal interventions), so that the reliability of the story and historical data that it offers is not in doubt. It is therefore possible to believe that the bishop went on a mission to Trier again between the end of 384 and the beginning of 385, in order to ask Maximus for the body of Emperor Gratian, and to find an agreement with the bishops present there on the Priscillianist question. As Ambrose declares at the beginning, he deemed it necessary to write the letter to Valentinian II, because shortly before returning to Milan he had achieved neither one nor the other result, and wanted to be the person who explained the reasons to the emperor. In reality, if he did not manage to interfere in the least with the Priscillianist question, it is likely that, Magnus Maximus decided to return Gratian's body, even though in a closed-door consistorium after Ambrose had left Trier. In fact, in the funeral oration for the young Valentinian II, recited a few years later, the bishop declared: quam angusto vitam fine clausistis, quam proxima vobis mortis fuere confinia, quam sepulcra vicina!
2020
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11391/1490695
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