Politiche di popolazione e migrazioni

Population Policies and Migrations The demographic boom that took place in the 20th century saw the world’s population exceed six billion people by the end of the last decade. The latest scenarios indicate that the world’s population could override 9 billion people around 2050. The achievement of demographic stability in the long term is linked to the adoption of population policies that will encourage a deceleration of the demographic growth. This publication shows the history and path of the population policies on an international scale through the conferences held by the United Nations. The final balance, after more than fifteen years since the Programme of Action was agreed to in 1994 at the UN International Conference on Population and Development (ICDP) held in Cairo, shows some positives but also numerous shadows and it demonstrates that reality is very different from the official declarations. The illustration of the evolution of such policies is put beside the study of two specific cases concerning Kenya and India: both these countries, even if with different modalities, results and contexts, have been embracing for a while population policies. The second part of the book addresses the balancing function that international migrations play in those countries were greater is the distance between economic and demographic growth. In this section, the author compares the important migrations of the past with the current ones, apart from retracing the most recent changes on a global, European and Italian scale.