The essay offers a reflection on the constitutional premises that legitimize the peculiar position of the National Anti-Corruption Authority (ANAC) in the Italian legal system. In particular, the conditions that guarantee the independence of the body and define its relations with the other powers of the State were highlighted, as well as the possible ability to interfere with the organizational decisions of regional and local administrations and therefore with the distribution of legislative competences between State and regions. The analysis involves both the organizational structure of the ANAC and the functions that the laws have progressively attributed to this institution, helping to define a very complex and problematic profile, especially in terms of ownership of para-normative functions. In fact, if for authorities with a (more or less) high level of independence (from executive power) the possibility of assigning regulatory functions has always been discussed, there is no doubt that in the case of Anti-Corruption we are in the presence of a conspicuous proliferation of normative power or quasi-regulatory powers which translate into the adoption of a lot of “guidelines” (both in terms of transparency of public administration and in terms of the complex regulation of public contracts). This last data deserves careful reflection especially for the specific weight that the financial and economic resources relating to public contracts are able to move in the framework of economic development of the country.
Il saggio propone una riflessione sulle premesse costituzionali che legittimano la peculiare posizione dell’Autorità nazionale anticorruzione (ANAC) nell’ordinamento italiano. In particolare sono evidenziate le condizioni che garantiscono l’indipendenza dell’organo e ne definiscono le relazioni con gli altri poteri dello Stato nonché la eventuale capacità di interferire con le decisioni organizzative delle amministrazioni regionali e locali e quindi con il riparto delle competenze legislative tra Stato e regioni. L’analisi coinvolge sia la struttura organizzativa dell’ANAC, sia le (plurime) funzioni che le leggi hanno progressivamente attribuito a questo organo contribuendo a definirne un profilo assai complesso e problematico, soprattutto sul versante della titolarità di funzioni paranormative. Se infatti per le authorities dotate di un livello (più o meno) elevato di indipendenza (dal potere esecutivo) si è sempre discusso della possibilità di attribuire funzioni normative, è indubbio che nel caso dell’Anticorruzione siamo in presenza di una cospicua proliferazione di poteri normativi ovvero quasi-normativi che si traducono nell’adozione delle linee-guida (sia sul versante della trasparenza della pubblica amministrazione, sia sul versante della complessa disciplina dei contratti pubblici). Quest’ultimo dato merita attenta riflessione soprattutto in virtù del peso specifico che le risorse economiche e finanziarie relative ai contratti pubblici sono in grado di muovere nel contesto dello sviluppo economico complessivo del paese.
Profili costituzionali dell'Anticorruzione
Luisa Cassetti
2021
Abstract
The essay offers a reflection on the constitutional premises that legitimize the peculiar position of the National Anti-Corruption Authority (ANAC) in the Italian legal system. In particular, the conditions that guarantee the independence of the body and define its relations with the other powers of the State were highlighted, as well as the possible ability to interfere with the organizational decisions of regional and local administrations and therefore with the distribution of legislative competences between State and regions. The analysis involves both the organizational structure of the ANAC and the functions that the laws have progressively attributed to this institution, helping to define a very complex and problematic profile, especially in terms of ownership of para-normative functions. In fact, if for authorities with a (more or less) high level of independence (from executive power) the possibility of assigning regulatory functions has always been discussed, there is no doubt that in the case of Anti-Corruption we are in the presence of a conspicuous proliferation of normative power or quasi-regulatory powers which translate into the adoption of a lot of “guidelines” (both in terms of transparency of public administration and in terms of the complex regulation of public contracts). This last data deserves careful reflection especially for the specific weight that the financial and economic resources relating to public contracts are able to move in the framework of economic development of the country.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.