In May 1940, the Wehrmacht invasion of France left the various representatives of the French government with the difficult choice of either continuing or ending hostilities. If President Paul Reynaud and a young general De Gaulle were much inclined towards Churchill's resistance plan, Marshal Pétain and General Weygand seemed more willing to consider the armistice as the only possible solution. Pétain’s decision to stake all his political prestige on the armistice with Germany put De Gaulle - who instead decided to continue the war no matter what - outside the law and the established order. If initially a very few joined the movement of France Libre, the Montoire meeting between Hitler and Pétain offered the rebel general the opportunity to create a well-structured political body, able to support the efforts of those who opposed the Vichy regime and the Nazis. The essay intends therefore to analyze the relationship between the two generals, the different choices they made and how these choices affected the French war experience and allowed France to redeem “l’humiliation de Rethondes”.

Nel maggio 1940 l’invasione della Wehrmacht pose i vari esponenti del governo francese di fronte alla difficile scelta del proseguimento o meno delle ostilità. Se il presidente del Consiglio Paul Reynaud e un giovane generale De Gaulle davano l’impressione di essere favorevoli agli incitamenti alla resistenza da parte di Churchill, Pétain e Weygand apparivano invece sempre più inclini a considerare l’armistizio come l’unica possibilità rimasta. La decisione di Pétain di impiegare tutto il suo prestigio politico e militare nella richiesta dell’armistizio ai tedeschi pose de Gaulle – che invece decise di continuare la guerra - al di fuori della legalità e dell’ordine costituito. Se inizialmente sono ben poche le adesioni al movimento di France Libre, l’incontro di Montoire tra Hitler e Pétain offrì al generale ribelle l’occasione di dare corpo ad un organismo ben strutturato, in grado di sostenere gli sforzi di quanti si opponevano al regime di Vichy e ai nazisti. Il saggio intende quindi ricostruire il rapporto tra i due generali, le diverse scelte da loro effettuate e come queste scelte hanno influenzato l’esperienza bellica francese e permesso alla Francia di riscattare l’umiliazione di Rethondes.

France between collaboration and resistance. The armistice decision, the Montoire meeting and Vichy’s ambiguous stand between the Axis and the Allies

Sommella, V.
2021

Abstract

In May 1940, the Wehrmacht invasion of France left the various representatives of the French government with the difficult choice of either continuing or ending hostilities. If President Paul Reynaud and a young general De Gaulle were much inclined towards Churchill's resistance plan, Marshal Pétain and General Weygand seemed more willing to consider the armistice as the only possible solution. Pétain’s decision to stake all his political prestige on the armistice with Germany put De Gaulle - who instead decided to continue the war no matter what - outside the law and the established order. If initially a very few joined the movement of France Libre, the Montoire meeting between Hitler and Pétain offered the rebel general the opportunity to create a well-structured political body, able to support the efforts of those who opposed the Vichy regime and the Nazis. The essay intends therefore to analyze the relationship between the two generals, the different choices they made and how these choices affected the French war experience and allowed France to redeem “l’humiliation de Rethondes”.
2021
978-3-11-067108-7
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11391/1493969
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