The “discovery” of the immaterial world has gradually led to a genuine revolution, first within the economic system and then within the legal framework, producing significant effects. The assessment of intangible assets is now a widely debated topic, made increasingly relevant by the growing number of transactions and the tax incentives benefiting those who make substantial investments in such assets (e.g., the Patent Box). In order to better understand their value, it was deemed necessary to reconstruct the main intangible assets in use in practical reality. Since the late 1980s, the Industrial Law School, led by the late Professor Vittorio Menesini, has conducted studies and research aimed at demonstrating the predominance of the value of intangible assets over tangible ones, primarily in the economic field and, consequently, also in the legal domain. This shift has had a significant impact on many legal institutions, which were evidently designed and conceived by those who only had tangible goods in mind. Over time, these institutions have been gradually modified and adapted to the new perspective. Historically, the first major consequence emerged in the realm of distinctive signs. With the rise of so-called well-known trademarks, especially in the fashion industry, intangible assets—represented by trademarks—gradually surpassed the value of tangible assets, such as factories, raw materials, and the like. This is evidenced by the fact that, as early as 1992, the legislator decisively intervened by eliminating the longstanding obligation to transfer the business or a branch thereof along with the trademark during its transfer. In short, by the early 1990s, even the legislator recognized the legal autonomy and economic strength of intangible assets, particularly trademarks. Similarly, comparable developments have occurred with invention patents, software, and copyrights, which have increasingly played a decisive role due to their intangible nature and their inherent transferability with multiple uses. This characteristic forms the basis for the added economic value attributed to them.
La “scoperta” del mondo dell’immateriale ha lentamente provocato, prima nell’ordinamento economico e poi nell’ordinamento giuridico, una vera e propria rivoluzione che ha determinato degli effetti di notevole rilievo. La valutazione degli intangible assets rappresenta oggi un tema ampiamente dibattuto, reso attuale dal sempre più elevato numero di transazioni, nonché dalle normative agevolative a beneficio di coloro che su tali assets realizzano cospicui investimenti (Patent Box). Al fine di comprenderne più puntualmente il valore, si è reputato necessario fare una ricostruzione di quelli che sono i principali beni immateriali in uso nella realtà fattuale. Già dalla fine degli anni Ottanta, la Scuola di Diritto Industriale in capo al compianto Professor Vittorio Menesini ha sviluppato studi e svolto ricerche tese a dimostrare la prevalenza del valore dei beni immateriali su quelli materiali principalmente nel campo economico, e quindi, de relato, anche in campo giuridico, con un impatto rilevante su tanti istituti giuridici che evidentemente costruiti e pensati da chi aveva in mente solo i beni materialmente intesi, sono stati gradatamente modificati ed adeguati alla nuova prospettazione. Storicamente, la prima conseguenza rilevante è arrivata sul fronte dei segni distintivi, dove, con l’esplosione dei c.d. marchi notori, soprattutto nel campo della moda, i beni immateriali, costituiti appunto dai marchi, hanno via via superato il valore delle consistenze materiali, quali stabilimenti, materie prime, ecc. Ciò è tanto vero che, già nel 1992, il legislatore interveniva in maniera decisa, eliminando dal trasferimento del marchio l’atavico obbligo di trasferire, insieme ad esso, l’azienda o un ramo di essa. Insomma, nei primi anni Novanta anche il legislatore percepiva l’autonomia giuridica e la forza economica dei beni immateriali e segnatamente quella del marchio. Parallelamente, percorsi similari sono stati fatti per i brevetti per invenzione, i software e i diritti d’autore, che sempre più hanno assunto un ruolo decisivo per il loro carattere di immaterialità e quindi di trasferibilità con utilizzo multiplo, che costituisce il presupposto anche del valore aggiunto economico ad essi riconosciuto.
L'iscrizione in bilancio dei beni immateriali e in particolare dei valori sportivi delle società calcistiche
Caforio Giuseppe
2021
Abstract
The “discovery” of the immaterial world has gradually led to a genuine revolution, first within the economic system and then within the legal framework, producing significant effects. The assessment of intangible assets is now a widely debated topic, made increasingly relevant by the growing number of transactions and the tax incentives benefiting those who make substantial investments in such assets (e.g., the Patent Box). In order to better understand their value, it was deemed necessary to reconstruct the main intangible assets in use in practical reality. Since the late 1980s, the Industrial Law School, led by the late Professor Vittorio Menesini, has conducted studies and research aimed at demonstrating the predominance of the value of intangible assets over tangible ones, primarily in the economic field and, consequently, also in the legal domain. This shift has had a significant impact on many legal institutions, which were evidently designed and conceived by those who only had tangible goods in mind. Over time, these institutions have been gradually modified and adapted to the new perspective. Historically, the first major consequence emerged in the realm of distinctive signs. With the rise of so-called well-known trademarks, especially in the fashion industry, intangible assets—represented by trademarks—gradually surpassed the value of tangible assets, such as factories, raw materials, and the like. This is evidenced by the fact that, as early as 1992, the legislator decisively intervened by eliminating the longstanding obligation to transfer the business or a branch thereof along with the trademark during its transfer. In short, by the early 1990s, even the legislator recognized the legal autonomy and economic strength of intangible assets, particularly trademarks. Similarly, comparable developments have occurred with invention patents, software, and copyrights, which have increasingly played a decisive role due to their intangible nature and their inherent transferability with multiple uses. This characteristic forms the basis for the added economic value attributed to them.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
