The recall of elected officials through a popular initiative referendum is a mechanism that exists in a significant number of jurisdictions. The academic literature has frequently emphasised its secondary role in the dynamics of governance, or, in a more simplistic manner, its connection to political calculation, without taking into account its constitutional implications. This volume seeks to address a gap in the field of comparative legal studies by reorganising existing knowledge of the main contemporary experiences and identifying the key elements of a controversial and multifaceted institution whose origins cannot be traced back to a single historical experience or legal tradition. The research objectives were twofold: firstly, to define the recall referendum as an autonomous instrument of direct democracy, with a history and constitutional relevance distinct from that of the “better-known” imperative mandate; and secondly, to classify normative experiences according to the degree of integration of the recall referendum in the vertical organization of powers. Moreover, the research seeks to define a right of recall as an initiative based on procedures that are fully under the control of the people, and to assess its role in qualifying the relationship between “rulers” and the “ruled”, as well as its impact on the characteristics of the “form of the state”. The reorganization distinguishes the experiences analyzed by combining two important aspects: the function performed by the recalled representative and the territorial level of government to which she/he belongs. This is done with the aim of highlighting the specific function of the popular recall of representatives within different ideal types of popular sovereignty. The overall picture that emerges from the analysis suggests the persistence of a “dualistic” conception of power – even within Western constitutional systems – that adopt different institutional forms and sources of legitimation.

La revoca degli eletti mediante referendum di iniziativa popolare è prevista in numero considerevole di ordinamenti giuridici. La letteratura accademica ha spesso sottolineato il suo ruolo ancillare rispetto alle dinamiche di gover- no o – in maniera ancor più riduttiva – di calcolo politico, mentre è stato dedicato poco spazio alla considerazione degli aspetti costituzionalistici. Il volume si propone di colmare una lacuna nel panorama degli studi giuscomparativi, ri- organizzando le conoscenze riguardo alle principali esperienze attuali e distinguendo gli elementi determinanti di un istituto controverso e polivalente, le cui origini non sono ricon- ducibili ad un’unica esperienza storica, né ad una singola tradizione giuridica. Il percorso di ricerca ha perseguito i seguenti obiettivi: l’inquadramento della revoca del man- dato come un autonomo strumento di democrazia diretta, la cui storia e rilevanza costitu- zionale sono distinte da quelle del “più celebre” mandato imperativo; la classificazione delle esperienze normative secondo il grado di integrazione dell’istituto sul piano verticale dell’or- ganizzazione dei poteri; la definizione di un diritto di revoca, come iniziativa fondata su pro- cedure di cui il popolo è pienamente titolare; la valutazione del suo ruolo qualificante rispetto al rapporto governanti - governati e, più ampiamente, alle caratteristiche della “forma di Stato”. La risistemazione distingue le esperienze esaminate combinando due aspetti rilevanti – la funzione pubblica svolta dal mandatario e il livello territoriale di governo a cui afferisce – nell’intento di far emergere la peculiare connotazione della revoca dei rappresentanti all’in- terno di idealtipi differenti di sovranità popolare.

The gun behind the door. La revoca degli eletti nel diritto comparato

Jacopo Paffarini
2024

Abstract

The recall of elected officials through a popular initiative referendum is a mechanism that exists in a significant number of jurisdictions. The academic literature has frequently emphasised its secondary role in the dynamics of governance, or, in a more simplistic manner, its connection to political calculation, without taking into account its constitutional implications. This volume seeks to address a gap in the field of comparative legal studies by reorganising existing knowledge of the main contemporary experiences and identifying the key elements of a controversial and multifaceted institution whose origins cannot be traced back to a single historical experience or legal tradition. The research objectives were twofold: firstly, to define the recall referendum as an autonomous instrument of direct democracy, with a history and constitutional relevance distinct from that of the “better-known” imperative mandate; and secondly, to classify normative experiences according to the degree of integration of the recall referendum in the vertical organization of powers. Moreover, the research seeks to define a right of recall as an initiative based on procedures that are fully under the control of the people, and to assess its role in qualifying the relationship between “rulers” and the “ruled”, as well as its impact on the characteristics of the “form of the state”. The reorganization distinguishes the experiences analyzed by combining two important aspects: the function performed by the recalled representative and the territorial level of government to which she/he belongs. This is done with the aim of highlighting the specific function of the popular recall of representatives within different ideal types of popular sovereignty. The overall picture that emerges from the analysis suggests the persistence of a “dualistic” conception of power – even within Western constitutional systems – that adopt different institutional forms and sources of legitimation.
2024
979-12-5477-503-5
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11391/1586353
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