Decreasing nitrate leaching in vegetable crops through improvements in N fertiliser management

The relatively low cost of fertiliser and the increasing demand and competition for cheap food have encouraged the over-fertilisation of field vegetables over the past few decades. However, more recent scientific and public concern over eutrophication of water and the accumulation of nitrates in vegetables for human consumption requires a more effective use of nitrogen fertilisers in a more sustainable manner, which minimises the potential risk of negative effects on the environment and human health. In this review, we present the current state of the art in knowledge of N dynamic in vegetable crops and the latest advances in nutrient management, which could be used to mitigate nitrate losses from vegetables fields to the wider environment. Findings are based on published data and personal communications with researchers and consultants across Europe. Areas of research where further work is required are identified and described. A conclusive chapter reports on the economic and environmental impact of technology transfer of improved nitrogen management in three south European states and in the Netherlands.