Wakes Calculation in a Offshore Wind Farm

This paper is focusing on the wake modeling in large offshore wind farms. Over the sea the ambient turbulence is much lower than onshore, wakes persist for long distances, mixing in a complex pattern. Hence an accurate evaluation of the wakes become crucial in the estimation both of the production and loads. Regarding loads the main effect of the turbines wakes is an increase of turbulence compared to the ambient one. A careful assessment of the wakes is therefore required when analyzing offshore wind farms. The approaches in estimating the wake losses go from simple theoretical or empirical laws to full rotor aerodynamic calculations; in between there is a range of intermediate calculations.
Two approaches will be presented: the use of relative simple equations (also called analytical models) which are the standards in the wind resource assessment and a more accurate, but computationally more demanding, the actuator disc technique.