Foreign direct investment in the Western Balkans: What role has it played during transition?

The paper explores the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economies of the Western Balkans during their transition to a market system. The paper recalls the political and historical circumstances that have delayed transition in the Western Balkans economies, and draws attention to the specific features of FDI that have influenced their economic development. The main hypotheses are formulated and basic tests performed on data from the manufacturing sector. However, data limitations mean that we can only test for horizontal, rather than vertical, spillovers and in practice we are not able to identify many significant horizontal spillover effects. This finding can probably be explained by various factors – institutional, economic and political – that have constrained FDI effects in the Western Balkan economies in comparison with the Central East European countries. Our work has important policy implications; in order to accelerate economic development, Western Balkan policymakers may need to implement more effective economic policies.