Pressione arteriosa: Più bassa è, meglio è? Forse sì

The SPRINT study tested the hypothesis that hypertensive patients randomized to a more intensive treatment, aimed at lowering systolic blood pressure (BP) below 120 mmHg have a lower incidence of major cardiovascular events when compared to patients randomized to a less intensive treatment (systolic BP reduction below 140 mmHg). Overall, 9361 patients were randomized to the more intensive (n=4678) or less intensive (n=4683) antihypertensive treatment. The study was prematurely interrupted because of an excess benefit in the more intensive arm. Indeed, the group randomized to the more intensive arm showed, when compared to the group randomized to the less intensive arm, a 25% reduction in the primary endpoint (1.65 vs 2.19% per year; p<0.001), a 43% reduction in cardiovascular death (0.25 vs 0.43%; p=0.005), a 27% reduction in all-cause death (1.03% vs 1.40%; p=0.003) and a 38% reduction in hospitalizations for heart failure (0.41 vs 0.67%; p<0.002). Unexpectedly, there was no significant reduction in the risk of stroke (not significant 11% reduction). The SPRINT study unequivocally shows that, in hypertensive patients with systolic BP ≥130 mmHg and no history of diabetes, previous stroke and polycystic renal disease, we should try to lower systolic BP to levels below 120 mmHg with the objective to lower the incidence of heart failure in addition to all-cause and cardiovascular death. Future guidelines on the management of patients with hypertension should implement the results of the SPRINT study. © 2016 Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore.