An in vitro prototype of a porcine biomimetic testis‑like cell culture system: a novel tool for the study of reassembled Sertoli and Leydig cells

At present, there is no reliable in vitro assembled prepubertal testis‑like biomimetic organ culture system designed to assess the functional effects of human gonadotropins on Sertoli and Leydig cells. Spermatogenesis is regulated by endocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine factors (testicular cross‑talk), mainly orchestrated by gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‑stimulating hormone (FSH) that play a pivotal role by stimulating Leydig and Sertoli cells, respectively. The aim of our study was to set up an in vitro prepubertal porcine bioengineered construct as a new model for experimental studies on reassembled Sertoli and Leydig cells. We have evaluated Sertoli and Leydig cells obtained from 15‑ to 20‑day‑old neonatal pig testes in terms of purity and function. Subsequently, purified Sertoli and enriched Leydig cells were subjected to coincubation to obtain an in vitro prepubertal porcine testis‑like culture system. We performed enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti‑Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, and testosterone secretion in the medium, and Real‑Time PCR analysis of AMH, inhibin B, FSH‑r, aromatase, LHr, and 3β-HSD mRNA expression levels. This in vitro testis‑like system was highly responsive to the effects of human gonadotropins and testosterone. AMH mRNA expression and secretion declined, and inhibin‑B increased, while FSH‑receptor expression was downregulated upon FSH/LH exposure/treatment. Finally, the production of testosterone was increased selectively upon LH treatment. In summary, our proposed model could help to better determine the action of human gonadotropins on Sertoli and Leydig cells. The potential usefulness of the system for shedding light into male infertility‑related issues is evident.