Reverse micelles enhance the formation of clathrate hydrates of hydrogen

Clathrate hydrates of hydrogen form at relatively low pressures (e.g., ca. 10 MPa) when a co- former compound is added. In that case, however, the gravimetric amount of stored hydrogen drops to less than 1 wt% from ca. 5.6 wt% without a co-former. Another factor hindering the entrapment of hydro- gen into a clathrate matrix appears to be of a kinetic origin, in that the mass transfer of hydrogen into clathrates is limited by the macroscopic scale of the gas–water interfaces involved in their formation. Thus, the enhanced formation of binary (hydrogen + co-former) hydrates would represent a major achievement in the attempt to exploit those materials as a convenient means for storing hydrogen. Experiments: Here, we present a simple process for the enhanced formation of binary hydrates of hydro- gen and several co-formers, which is based on the use of reverse micelles for reducing the size of hydrate- forming gas–water interfaces down to tens of nanometers. This reduction of particle size allowed us to reduce the kinetic hindrance to hydrate formation.