Покров и Знаменье в Новгороде и Пскове в XIV веке. Pokrov and Znamenie in Novgorod and Pskov in the 14th Century// Bulletin of the Russian Medieval Art Department. Journal of Medieval Russian Art History. State Institut for Art Studies. No 1/ 2019

The paper presents the hypothesis that the cult of the icon of Our Lady of the Sign (Znamenie), which had been preserved in Novgorod for many centuries, had different meanings in various periods. The idea that the commemoration of the victory of the Novgorodians over the Suzdalians in 1170 with the help of the Icon of the Sign is celebrated on November 27 was strengthened at the end of the XIV - beginning of the XV century, when ecclesiastical narration about this miracle appeared. Some data from liturgical manuscripts and chronicles suggest that earlier, in the same 14th century, veneration of the Sign was closely related to the celebration of the Protection (Pokrov) of Our Lady. The value of the Pokrov for Novgorod grows during the XIV century, reaching special strength during the periods of the plague in Pskov and Novgorod in the early 1350s and in 1389-90 . Honoring the Sign (Znamenije) of the Virgin is conjugated mainly as a miracle of tears from icons of the Virgin. The Church of the Sign was erected one year after the plague arrived to Novgorod. Later, in similar circumstances, the miracles from Pskov icons appeared.