Expression of transferrin receptor-1 (TFR-1) in canine osteosarcomas

Due to high rates of proliferation and DNA synthesis, neoplastic cells have higher requirements of iron than normal cells. For that reason, neoplastic cells have remodelled iron metabolism pathways, over-expressing genes encoding for iron uptake proteins, among which Transferrin Receptor-1 (TFR-1). Accumulating evidence has proven that overexpression of TFR-1 and high Iron concentration, are both widespread condition of cancer cells, both essential to tumour onset and progression. We studied TFR-1 and PCNA immunohistochemical expression in fifteen (15) Canine osteoblastic osteosarcomas (COS). After immunohistochemical staining, counting of TFR-1 positive cells by two independent observers showed that 85%–95% of neoplastic cells were strongly labelled at cytoplasmic level by anti-TFR-1 antibody in all examined COS. Furthermore, 70%–80% of neoplastic cells were positively labelled at the nuclear level by PCNA. Surprisingly, about 100% of intratumour vascular endothelial cells were also positive, whereas extratumour vascular endothelial cells were negative. The latter is an interesting finding, as TFR-1 is usually not expressed in normal vasculature, with the exception of normal brain vascular endothelium, where it allows transport of transferrin, and thus iron, into tissues, suggesting a similar function here to support cancer growth. The early results presented highlight the relevance of TFR-1 expression in canine OS, suggesting therapies involving both TFR-1 and Iron metabolisms in dogs with osteosarcoma should be developed.