Resveratrol-Based Multivitamin Supplement Increases Sperm Concentration and Motility in Idiopathic Male Infertility: A Pilot Clinical Study

Background. It is known that a multitude of factors may lead to male factor infertility, but still, in the majority of cases, the cause remains largely idiopathic, reflecting poor understanding of the basic process of spermatogenesis and the mechanisms involved. Resveratrol is a polyphenol compound that displays several cellular aspects mainly associated with SIRT1-pathway activation and promotion of mitochondrial enhancer activities. In several animal models, resveratrol has shown positive effects on mitochondria and membrane potential. This could explain effects on sperm concentration and motility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects on the semen parameters of GENANTE(R), a multivitamin supplement containing 150 mg of resveratrol/day, in patients with idiopathic infertility. Methods. This was a prospective single center clinical study. Twenty patients took a multivitamin supplement based on 150 mg of resveratrol (GENANTE(R)), in the form of an oral tablet every 12 h, and were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Pre- and post-treatment evaluation included history, clinical examination, semen analysis, hormonal determinations, and scrotal and prostatic ultrasound. Results. Our preliminary pilot study demonstrated that the multivitamin supplement based on resveratrol improves sperm motility (48.3% +/- 13.8 vs. 59.0% +/- 12.8, p = 0.0001) and concentration (22.6 x 10(6)/m(L) +/- 9.5 vs. 25.7 x 10(6)/mL +/- 8.1, p = 0.0001) after 3 and 6 months of treatment in men with idiopathic infertility. Conclusion. Our data suggest that targeting the metabolic and energetic pathways involved in spermatogenesis and mitochondrial activity could lead to potential effects and counteract subfertility/infertility in men through a mitochondria dynamics mechanism. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov registration identifier: NCT03864198, registered on 1 January 2019.