Starting from the evolution of the principles of solidarity and integration, both in the broader EU legal order and specifically in the framework of the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice in relation to migration and asylum policy, this article analyses the most innovative aspects and critical issues of the New European Pact on Migration and Asylum. It examines the extent to which this policy, as recently reformed, differs from the past, proposing some reflections on the real strategic value of the new Pact. In particular, the article points out that, in the absence of specific obligations for Member States and of a “strong” supervisory power conferred to the Court of Justice, the Pact – in continuity with the past – risks turning into a mere declaration of intent, in which compulsory solidarity operates exclusively in emergency situations. Bearing in mind that a degree of differentiation has always been a feature in the process of European integration, it is argued that an appropriate solution to the constant resistance of some Member States could be to reinforce and to place greater emphasis on a flexible and "de facto" solidarity.
Partendo dall’evoluzione dei principi di solidarietà ed integrazione dapprima, in generale, nell’ordinamento dell’UE e poi specificatamente nel quadro dello Spazio di libertà, sicurezza e giustizia in riferimento alla politica comune in materia di immigrazione e asilo, il presente contributo analizza gli aspetti più innovativi e le principali criticità del nuovo Patto europeo sulla migrazione e l’asilo. L’indagine verifica la misura in cui tale politica, come recentemente riformata, si differenzi da quella sinora realizzata dall’Unione europea e svolge alcune riflessioni sulla reale valenza strategica del nuovo Patto. In particolare si evidenzia che, in assenza di specifici obblighi per gli Stati membri ed a fronte di un sindacato “debole” ad opera della Corte di Giustizia, il Patto – in linea di continuità col passato – rischia di risolversi in una mera dichiarazione di intenti in cui la solidarietà obbligatoria opera esclusivamente in situazioni emergenziali di crisi. Nella consapevolezza che un certo grado di differenziazione ha sempre caratterizzato il processo di integrazione europea si propone, come opportuno rimedio alle costanti resistenze di alcuni Stati membri, una maggiore valorizzazione della solidarietà “di fatto” realmente virtuosa ed a carattere “flessibile”.
Il “nuovo” Patto europeo sulla migrazione e l’asilo: recenti sviluppi in materia di solidarietà ed integrazione
M. C. CARTA
2021
Abstract
Starting from the evolution of the principles of solidarity and integration, both in the broader EU legal order and specifically in the framework of the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice in relation to migration and asylum policy, this article analyses the most innovative aspects and critical issues of the New European Pact on Migration and Asylum. It examines the extent to which this policy, as recently reformed, differs from the past, proposing some reflections on the real strategic value of the new Pact. In particular, the article points out that, in the absence of specific obligations for Member States and of a “strong” supervisory power conferred to the Court of Justice, the Pact – in continuity with the past – risks turning into a mere declaration of intent, in which compulsory solidarity operates exclusively in emergency situations. Bearing in mind that a degree of differentiation has always been a feature in the process of European integration, it is argued that an appropriate solution to the constant resistance of some Member States could be to reinforce and to place greater emphasis on a flexible and "de facto" solidarity.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.