Augmentative biological control of Halyomorpha halys using the native European parasitoid Anastatus bifasciatus: Efficacy and ecological impact

We report the first large-scale augmentative biological control project carried out in Europe against Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) using the native egg parasitoid Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy) (Hyme-noptera: Eupelmidae). During summer 2020, a total of 325,000 adults of A. bifasciatus were released at a rate of 1000 individuals/ha of orchard in 11 sites in Trentino-Alto Adige (Northern Italy). Parasitism parameters were compared between release and control (no release) sites, in which at least three egg masses naturally laid by H. halys were collected (for a total of 262 egg masses). Anastatus bifasciatus and Trissolcus mitsukurii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) were the dominant parasitoids, but parasitism by both species fluctuated widely among sites. At release sites, A. bifasciatus showed a significantly higher discovery efficiency (31.4%) and parasitism rate (16.7%) of H. halys egg masses than at control sites (1.7% and 1.2%, respectively). Parasitism by A. bifasciatus was not dependent on egg mass abundance at release sites, but at control sites a host density-dependent response was revealed by a positive relationship between parasitism and number of H. halys egg masses. On the other hand, parasitism by the adventive T. mitsukurii was not affected by either the releases of A. bifasciatus or by the abundance of H. halys egg masses per site. In conclusion, augmentative releases of A. bifasciatus contributed to increasing its parasitization of H. halys, without causing any negative effects on parasitization by naturally occurring species.