1. Introduction: From Cultural Heritage to Cultural Heritages The concept of "cultural heritage" is complex and can have broad or narrow meanings. In a narrow sense, as defined by the Cultural Heritage Code (D.lgs. 42/2004), it includes cultural assets (material testimonies of civilization) and landscape assets (expressions of historical and natural values of a territory). In a broad sense, cultural heritage also encompasses intangible assets and cultural landscapes, which are subject to enhanced protection. 2. Residual Nature of Urban Planning Law In Italy, cultural heritage protection is a priority and falls under state jurisdiction. However, Regions and Municipalities, which are responsible for urban planning, also claim a role in managing these heritages. Urban planning law is residual, subordinate to the state's role in protecting cultural assets. 3. Dual Administrative Reserve Cultural heritage in the narrow sense is subject to a dual reserve: state and local. Urban planning instruments must comply with state requirements but can introduce stricter rules based on local needs. 4. Urban Cultural Heritage This includes assets that represent both testimonies of civilization and identity elements, such as historic centers, villages, and rural landscapes. Urban cultural heritage is subject to dual protection, with restrictions defined by urban planning tools and cultural heritage regulations. 5. Historic Centers and Urban Planning Restrictions Historic centers are central to urban planning and represent a key example of urban cultural heritage. Urban planning restrictions aim to preserve cultural value and ensure livability, addressing issues like traffic, tourism, and commercial use. Over time, urban policies have shifted from material restrictions (building rights) to immaterial ones (use of spaces and urban decor). 6. Contemporary Challenges The document discusses issues like "digital gentrification," caused by the rise of short-term rentals through platforms like Airbnb, which disrupt residential life in historic centers. Emerging regulations, such as those applied in Venice, aim to limit tourist rentals and preserve local identity.
1. Introduzione: Dal patrimonio culturale ai patrimoni culturali Il concetto di "patrimonio culturale" è complesso e può avere un significato ampio o ristretto. In senso stretto, secondo il Codice dei Beni Culturali (D.lgs. 42/2004), include beni culturali (testimonianze materiali di civiltà) e paesaggistici (espressione dei valori storici e naturali di un territorio). In senso ampio, il patrimonio culturale comprende anche beni immateriali e paesaggi culturali, soggetti a tutela rafforzata. 2. Residualità del diritto urbanistico In Italia, la tutela del patrimonio culturale è considerata preminente e rientra nelle competenze statali. Tuttavia, Regioni e Comuni, responsabili dell’urbanistica, rivendicano un ruolo anche nella gestione di tali patrimoni. Il diritto urbanistico ha un valore residuale, subordinato alla tutela statale dei beni culturali. 3. Doppia riserva amministrativa Il patrimonio culturale in senso stretto è soggetto a una doppia riserva: statale e locale. Gli strumenti urbanistici devono rispettare le prescrizioni statali, ma possono introdurre norme più restrittive in relazione alle esigenze locali. 4. Patrimonio culturale urbanistico Include beni che rappresentano sia testimonianze di civiltà sia elementi identitari, come centri storici, borghi e paesaggi rurali. Questo patrimonio è oggetto di una doppia tutela, con vincoli definiti dagli strumenti urbanistici e dalle normative sui beni culturali. 5. Centri storici e limitazioni urbanistiche I centri storici sono al centro della disciplina urbanistica e rappresentano un esempio di patrimonio culturale urbanistico. Le limitazioni urbanistiche mirano a conservare il valore culturale e garantire la vivibilità, affrontando problemi come traffico, turismo e uso commerciale. Negli anni, le politiche urbanistiche si sono spostate da limitazioni materiali (edificabilità) a immateriali (uso degli spazi e decoro urbano). 6. Sfide contemporanee Il documento affronta temi come la "gentrificazione digitale," causata dall’aumento di affitti brevi in piattaforme come Airbnb, che alterano la residenzialità nei centri storici. Si analizzano le normative emergenti, come quelle applicate a Venezia, per limitare gli affitti turistici e preservare l'identità locale.
Patrimoni culturali e limitazioni urbanistiche
ANTONIO BARTOLINI
2022
Abstract
1. Introduction: From Cultural Heritage to Cultural Heritages The concept of "cultural heritage" is complex and can have broad or narrow meanings. In a narrow sense, as defined by the Cultural Heritage Code (D.lgs. 42/2004), it includes cultural assets (material testimonies of civilization) and landscape assets (expressions of historical and natural values of a territory). In a broad sense, cultural heritage also encompasses intangible assets and cultural landscapes, which are subject to enhanced protection. 2. Residual Nature of Urban Planning Law In Italy, cultural heritage protection is a priority and falls under state jurisdiction. However, Regions and Municipalities, which are responsible for urban planning, also claim a role in managing these heritages. Urban planning law is residual, subordinate to the state's role in protecting cultural assets. 3. Dual Administrative Reserve Cultural heritage in the narrow sense is subject to a dual reserve: state and local. Urban planning instruments must comply with state requirements but can introduce stricter rules based on local needs. 4. Urban Cultural Heritage This includes assets that represent both testimonies of civilization and identity elements, such as historic centers, villages, and rural landscapes. Urban cultural heritage is subject to dual protection, with restrictions defined by urban planning tools and cultural heritage regulations. 5. Historic Centers and Urban Planning Restrictions Historic centers are central to urban planning and represent a key example of urban cultural heritage. Urban planning restrictions aim to preserve cultural value and ensure livability, addressing issues like traffic, tourism, and commercial use. Over time, urban policies have shifted from material restrictions (building rights) to immaterial ones (use of spaces and urban decor). 6. Contemporary Challenges The document discusses issues like "digital gentrification," caused by the rise of short-term rentals through platforms like Airbnb, which disrupt residential life in historic centers. Emerging regulations, such as those applied in Venice, aim to limit tourist rentals and preserve local identity.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.