Decentralization and disintermediation, which are two of the most characteristic features of Blockchain technology, are among the elements destined to have the most significant impact on the economy, as they challenge the traditional systems that regulate transactions, which are based on the existence of a central entity, which enjoys the trust of the parties, and is therefore invested with the task of validating them and ensuring their fairness and compliance with competitive rules.
Blockchain thus has as its main characteristic to have decentralization. Indeed, there is no central deciding body but rather a diffuse network in which no one should be in charge. Another characteristic is the lack of intermediation, which creates enormous benefits.
It would seem abstractly, therefore, to be an ideal world even with respect to antitrust values, where abuses of dominant positions and cartels cannot come into existence. This is not quite so inasmuch as problems are beginning to arise because the system, albeit in the making, is beginning to mark some profiles that have attracted the attention of antitrust authorities and others.
Trying to summarize the main features that provide the greatest problematic cues, the following stand out: a) the decentralization of the network, with the software being present simultaneously on the various devices of the participants; b) the pseudonymity of the actors, both users, but also nodes and miners; c) the being based on open source computer code; d) the various distributed consensus mechanisms in the network.
The characteristics of this technology are apt to generate, once declined in countless applications, relevant and in some ways unprecedented legal issues, concerning both private and administrative law, as well as international and transnational matters.
Especially when observed in its permissionless configuration, blockchain is capable of opening up a whole range of issues that have been engaging jurists for a number of years now, in search of solutions inherent to both liability for harmful events, breach of contract, but also the identification of the applicable law and jurisdiction in cases of pathology, intellectual property protection and competition law.

La decentralizzazione e la disintermediazione, che rappresentano due dei tratti maggiormente caratteristici della tecnologia blockchain, sono fra gli elementi destinati ad avere l’impatto più rilevante sull’economia, in quanto mettono in crisi i sistemi tradizionali che regolano le transazioni, basati sull’esistenza di un ente centrale, che gode della fiducia delle parti, ed è per questo investito del compito di validarle e assicurarne la correttezza e il rispetto delle regole concorrenziali.
La blockchain ha dunque come caratteristica principale di avere una decentralizzazione. Non vi è infatti un organo centrale decidente, ma piuttosto una rete diffusa in cui nessuno dovrebbe comandare. Altra caratteristica è la mancanza di intermediazione, che crea enormi benefici.
Dunque, questo sembrerebbe astrattamente un mondo ideale, anche per il rispetto per i valori dell’antitrust, dove abusi di posizioni dominanti e cartelli non possano venire ad esistenza. In realtà non è proprio così, in quanto problemi iniziano a nascere perché il sistema, quantunque in fieri, comincia a segnare qualche profilo che ha attirato l’attenzione delle Autorità antitrust e non solo.
Cercando di riassumere le principali caratteristiche che forniscono i maggiori spunti problematici, si pongono in primissimo piano: a) la decentralizzazione della rete, con il software che è presente simultaneamente sui vari dispositivi dei partecipanti; b) la pseudonimia degli attori, sia utenti, ma anche nodi e miner; c) l’essere il sistema basato su codice informatico open source; d) i diversi meccanismi di consenso distribuito nella rete.
Le caratteristiche di tale tecnologia sono idonee a generare, una volta declinate in innumerevoli applicazioni, questioni giuridiche rilevanti e per certi versi inedite, riguardanti sia il diritto privato che quello amministrativo, nonché la materia internazionale e transnazionale.
Specialmente se osservata nella sua configurazione permissionless, la blockchain è in grado di aprire tutta una serie di tematiche che impegnano già da alcuni anni i giuristi alla ricerca di soluzioni inerenti sia alla responsabilità per eventi dannosi, all’inadempimento, ma anche all’individuazione della legge e della giurisdizione applicabili in casi di patologia, alla tutela della proprietà intellettuale e al diritto della concorrenza.

La blockchain determina difficoltà nel determinare le regole da applicare e la giurisdizione competente

Caforio, Giuseppe
2023

Abstract

Decentralization and disintermediation, which are two of the most characteristic features of Blockchain technology, are among the elements destined to have the most significant impact on the economy, as they challenge the traditional systems that regulate transactions, which are based on the existence of a central entity, which enjoys the trust of the parties, and is therefore invested with the task of validating them and ensuring their fairness and compliance with competitive rules.
Blockchain thus has as its main characteristic to have decentralization. Indeed, there is no central deciding body but rather a diffuse network in which no one should be in charge. Another characteristic is the lack of intermediation, which creates enormous benefits.
It would seem abstractly, therefore, to be an ideal world even with respect to antitrust values, where abuses of dominant positions and cartels cannot come into existence. This is not quite so inasmuch as problems are beginning to arise because the system, albeit in the making, is beginning to mark some profiles that have attracted the attention of antitrust authorities and others.
Trying to summarize the main features that provide the greatest problematic cues, the following stand out: a) the decentralization of the network, with the software being present simultaneously on the various devices of the participants; b) the pseudonymity of the actors, both users, but also nodes and miners; c) the being based on open source computer code; d) the various distributed consensus mechanisms in the network.
The characteristics of this technology are apt to generate, once declined in countless applications, relevant and in some ways unprecedented legal issues, concerning both private and administrative law, as well as international and transnational matters.
Especially when observed in its permissionless configuration, blockchain is capable of opening up a whole range of issues that have been engaging jurists for a number of years now, in search of solutions inherent to both liability for harmful events, breach of contract, but also the identification of the applicable law and jurisdiction in cases of pathology, intellectual property protection and competition law.
2023
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11391/1551054
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