RNA Modifications in Neurodegenerations

Considerable evidence is accumulating about the regulatory function of coding- and non-coding RNAs through chemical modifications on their own nitrogen bases. The mechanisms by which the amount and types of these modifications are built to each type of RNA are yet poorly clarified, although some classes of proteins have been identified as actors able to introduce (writers), specifically recognize (readers) or delate (erasers) such modifications. In this context, advances have been made thanks to bioinformatic tools, which have allowed a comprehensive database, where RNA processing and post-transcriptional modification are integrated and elucidated, to be generated. Now, it is accepted that the abovementioned epitranscriptome interplay is involved in orchestrating development, health, and disease, also including the development, function, and dysfunction of the nervous system. In this chapter, we aim at reviewing and describing the potential mechanisms associated with the dysregulation of the epitranscriptome and neuropathologies, focusing specifically on brain cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.