«Questi grandi mali alla fine spariranno». La priorità del ragionevole tra la «pace perpetua» di Kant e la «riconciliazione» di Rawls

Kant hypothesized, for “perpetual peace”, that all states should adopt republican constitutions (today, with good approximation, we would say democratic or even democratic-republican); Rawls embraces “wide thinking” and proposes an extension of the right of peoples to well-ordered societies that, as such, guarantee the minimum requirements of justice. This transition is made possible by the “reasonable”: Kant’s philosophical project and Rawls’ immense work on justice, even before sharing a contractual perspective, find their starting point in “reason”. More precisely, in “public reason”. The very task of political philosophy, according to the American philosopher, is intense as “reconciliation”, and this concept, not only ideally, recalls Kant’s project “for perpetual peace”: a world free from the great evils of war and injustice.