Bilateral cataract associated with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis (PHPV/PHTVL) in a dwarf rabbit

Background: Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis (PHPV/PHTVL) is a congenital anomaly of normal development of the primary vitreous. Depending on the severity, this condition can lead to multiple different complications. Unilateral PHPV/PHTVL has been described in a young rabbit with visual impairment but without cataract. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics, ultrasonographic findings, surgical treatment, and outcome of a symmetric, bilateral, mature cataract associated with PHPV/PHTVL in a rabbit. Case description: An intact 2-year-old male dwarf rabbit presented with intermittent tearing. Complete and mature cataracts were observed in both eyes. Despite complete blindness, the owner did not report any abnormal behavior. Ocular ultrasound showed a hyperechoic linear structure in the vitreous, suggestive of PHPV/PHTVL, with similar findings in both eyes. Microvascular Doppler (MicroV) was able to detect blood flow in the tunica vasculosa lentis within the retrolenticular area. The surgery was conducted without significant complications, and functional vision was maintained postoperatively during the 4-month follow-up period. Conclusions and case relevance: This case represents the first report of symmetrical, bilateral cataracts caused by PHPV/PHTVL in rabbits. This report highlights the effectiveness of microV Doppler ultrasound as a diagnostic technique. Cataract surgery could be considered a feasible and routine procedure for rabbits.