The article observes that historical buildings deserve preservation not only for their aesthetic features but also as guardians of cultural and spiritual values. This fact is acknowledged by several international law provisions. Nonetheless, the legal discourse about the preservation of historical buildings carries a set of problematic implications because it is hard to adopt regulations that combine protection, promotion and valorisation with economic investments and market strategies and with everyday urban life. This is particularly evident with regard to immovables located within historical cities or towns whose economy depends on marketing the cultural identity, authenticity and history of the place to outsiders. This paper highlights the approach adopted by the most relevant international legal instruments which focus on the protection of what belongs to the historical city’s cultural heritage as being of crucial significance for individuals and communities in relation to their cultural identity. It emphasises that, in this perspective, the safeguard of historical buildings can be linked to the right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage: a specific human right recognized under international law. The issue at stake is how to comply with principles and rules of international law while at the same time respond to the needs of modern life and economy. This paper identifies the rules and principles of international law that have gained legal relevance and can provide valid tools to states and local administrations to implement and fulfil protectionist policies for historical buildings.
Gli edifici storici vanno conservati non solo per le loro caratteristiche estetiche, ma anche in quanto testimonianza di valori culturali e spirituali. A livello giuridico, tuttavia, ciò pone una serie di problematiche poiché spesso risulta difficile adottare normative che combinino le istanze di protezione, promozione e valorizzazione, espresse nei numerosi strumenti adottati a livello internazionale, con le esigenze economiche degli investitori e le strategie di mercato, nonché con quelle della quotidianità della vita urbana. Ciò è particolarmente evidente per quegli immobili situati all'interno di città o villaggi storici la cui economia dipende dalla commercializzazione della propria identità culturale, dell'autenticità e della storia del luogo. La questione è come rispettare i principi e le regole del diritto internazionale a tutela degli edifici storici e allo stesso tempo rispondere alle esigenze della vita e dell'economia moderne. Si suggerisce di seguire l'approccio evidenziato nelle convenzioni e raccomandazioni internazionali analizzate nel testo, che si concentrano sulla protezione di ciò che appartiene al patrimonio culturale delle città storiche considerato di importanza cruciale per gli individui e per le comunità locali, poiché si pone in relazione alla loro stessa identità culturale. Questo approccio, ricavabile dall’esame delle disposizioni della Convenzione di Faro, permette di ricollegare le istanze di salvaguardia degli edifici antichi situati all’interno dei paesi e delle città al diritto (soggettivo) di accesso e di godimento del patrimonio culturale: uno specifico diritto umano ora riconosciuto dal diritto internazionale.
Preservation of Historical Buildings through the Lens of International Law
Lanciotti
2024
Abstract
The article observes that historical buildings deserve preservation not only for their aesthetic features but also as guardians of cultural and spiritual values. This fact is acknowledged by several international law provisions. Nonetheless, the legal discourse about the preservation of historical buildings carries a set of problematic implications because it is hard to adopt regulations that combine protection, promotion and valorisation with economic investments and market strategies and with everyday urban life. This is particularly evident with regard to immovables located within historical cities or towns whose economy depends on marketing the cultural identity, authenticity and history of the place to outsiders. This paper highlights the approach adopted by the most relevant international legal instruments which focus on the protection of what belongs to the historical city’s cultural heritage as being of crucial significance for individuals and communities in relation to their cultural identity. It emphasises that, in this perspective, the safeguard of historical buildings can be linked to the right of access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage: a specific human right recognized under international law. The issue at stake is how to comply with principles and rules of international law while at the same time respond to the needs of modern life and economy. This paper identifies the rules and principles of international law that have gained legal relevance and can provide valid tools to states and local administrations to implement and fulfil protectionist policies for historical buildings.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.