Implementing Circular Economy in Healthcare Waste: Technological Innovations and Process Management

Ineffective healthcare waste (HCW) management poses significant risks to the environment, human health, and socio-economic sustainability due to the infectious and hazardous nature of HCW. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of HCW management by mapping the scientific development of HCW research, identifying prominent research themes and trends, and establishing a research agenda for transitioning towards a circular economy (CE) and achieving a sustainable environment. The analysis revealed several key HCW research themes, such as the minimization of HCW, sustainable management practices, and policy-making. Additionally, it highlighted the environmental impacts of HCW incineration, which include air pollution and toxic residue. The study also examined the management of hazardous HCW, emphasizing the need for effective segregation, treatment, and disposal methods. Furthermore, the importance of proper HCW handling and occupational safety and training for healthcare workers was underscored to prevent exposure to harmful substances and reduce health risks. Despite the healthcare industry's potential to contribute to the circular economy (CE) transition, it has been largely overlooked in CE discourse due to the prevalent single-use mindset driven by the infectious, toxic, and hazardous nature of HCW streams. This study illuminates the healthcare waste (HCW) management domain by uncovering the current status of HCW research, highlighting existing gaps and challenges, and proposing potential avenues for further research. The findings suggest that future efforts should focus on developing innovative technologies and processes for HCW treatment, enhancing regulatory frameworks, and promoting awareness and education among stakeholders to facilitate a CE transition in healthcare industry HCW management.