Energy loss mechanisms in foamed PLA cantilevers for low-vacuum applications

This study explores the energy dissipation mechanisms in cantilevers composed of foamed poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a biocompatible and versatile polymer increasingly employed in additive manufacturing for miniaturized devices with piezoelectric and electret properties. Understanding energy losses in such materials is essential for optimizing performance in sensing and energy harvesting applications, particularly under low-vacuum conditions. Although the experiments are conducted on 3D-printed meso-scale structures, the results serve as a proof-of-concept for the dynamic behavior of micro-electromechanical system geometries with embedded foam-like architectures. Our analysis reveals that the quality factor (Q) increases by up to 30% in foamed samples as ambient pressure decreases from 105 Pa to 102 Pa. Moreover, we demonstrate that structural parameters, such as cantilever length and degree of foaming, significantly influence both Q and resonance frequency, providing valuable insights for design optimization. These results emphasize the potential of foamed PLA for use in low-pressure environments, positioning it as a promising, sustainable material for future biocompatible energy harvesters and energy-efficient sensing devices.