Characterization of Processes Aimed at Maximizing the Reuse of Brewery’s Spent Grain: Novel Biocomposite Materials, High-Added-Value Molecule Extraction, Codigestion and Composting

Brewery’s spent grain (BSG) consists of the largest by-product by volume in the beer production sector and offers potential for both bio-composite material production, high added-value molecular extraction and bioenergy recovery. Aiming at exploring the ideal biorefinery approach for this agro-industrial residual, the present study experimentally investigated several methodologies to enhance the reuse of BSG and proposed a scheme of biorefinery focused on it. According to it, BSGs were firstly tested to produce high-added value byproducts, such as protein hydrolysates and for the extraction of lignin via ionic liquids-based methods. The residuals were then used for biogas/biomethane production via anaerobic codigestion. The different matrices were rearranged in varying mixtures, aiming at ensuring high availability of nutrients for methanogens, thus achieving higher energy production than what achievable with untreated BSG. For the scope, further agro-industrial wastes were considered. The resulted digestate was finally composted. Untreated BSGs were also directly tested as fillers for bio-composite material produc tion (in a mixture with PHB). Different concentrations were tested and the mechanical properties of each sample were compared with those of pure PHB. Disintegration tests were finally carried out to measure the improved biodegradability of the produced bio-composite material.