Nanomaterials and Heritage Architectures. Innovative Paints for the Reinforcement and Restoration of Ancient Mortar-Like Elements

At the turn of the 21st century, scientific progress was often equated with increasing specialisation and separation between disciplines. Today, however, it is clear that meaningful innovation relies on interdisciplinary approaches particularly when addressing complex ethical and cultural challenges. This is especially true in the field of architectural heritage, where the preservation of historic stone elements, both natural and artificial, requires integrated strategies that respect their material and cultural value. The present research focuses on the development of innovative surface treatments specifically protective paints aimed at reinforcing and restoring ancient mortar-like materials, artistic stuccoes, and decorative features. These solutions are designed to mitigate the impact of weathering, seismic activity, pollution, and climate change, which accelerate decay processes. The proposed materials, potentially incorporating graphene-based composites and other nanomaterials, will adhere to key conservation principles such as transparency, reversibility, and compatibility. Their performance will be validated through targeted experimental campaigns and mechanical testing.