Estrogenicity of bisphenol A released from sealants and composites: a review of the literature

Bisphenol A (BPA) is, by definition, a major component of Bis-GMA (bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate or “Bowen’s resin”), a molecule known to be at the basis of composites and sealants used in dentistry. In the international dental literature articles regularly appear arguing that BPA and/or its derivatives might be released into the oral cavity from composites and sealants in doses which can produce es-trogenic effects. This study aims to critically summarize the literature about bisphenol A (BPA), indicate whether and how those risks are real and emphasize how it is eventually possible to prevent them. With this in mind, we should consider nature, risks and control of BPA, as well as its presence and its role in sealants and composites. It is important to note that we will focus on literature exclu-sively written about the possible estrogenic activity (and not about the general toxicology profile) of BPA or its possible derivatives released from composites and sealants (without mentioning, or covering just briefly, similar activities performed by their components). It is impossible to prevent release, but it is possible to prevent the absorption of BPA by the patient. In this re-gard, we would suggest not only employing one or more of the mechanical methods proposed by differ-ent authors, but especially (and perhaps these authors implied this) the use of a dental dam.