Water :Values, Rights, Territory,Business, Governance

WATER: VALUES, RIGHTS, TERRITORY, BUSINESS, GOVERNANCE Adriano Ciani Full Prof. of Agricultural Economics and Farm Appraisal Department .of Agricultural Economics, Farm Appraisal and Agrofood Sciences -DSEEA Agricultural Faculty, Perugia Universit Borgo XX Giugno, 74 06121-PERUGIA-IT Tel: +39-075-585-7141 Fax: ; +39-075-5857146 ;Mobile: +39-347-5109486 ; Email: ciani@unipg.it Skype: cianiunipg ; Web Site:www.adrianociani.it Luigi Porcellati Pazzaglia PHd Degree in Economics University of Perugia Mobile:338-4708644 Email:luigiporcellati@gmail.com Premise The question of water 'aspect of becoming a matter of modern society' world poses serious questions about the key strategies of sustainable development in an intra-and inter-generational perspective. In March 2009, and 'held at the Istanbul World Forum V ^ dell'ascqua and presented data from a UN report. Showed the following dramatic aspects .. Each year 8 million people die from water scarcity and limits of sanitation. It is estimated that 1.1 billion people lack access to water resources More than 2.6 billion people have health and hygiene problems Approximately 3900 children are victims every day water shortage The pollution of groundwater and watercourses becomes unstoppable 70% of freshwater is used for agricultural purposes According to the Report of the United Nations there 'in 2030 half the risk that' the world's population remains without adequate levels of water resources. 2-Water and the evolution of its value The evolution of the value of water and 'tied to changes in the processes of development have been from the beginning of the 1900.E' the same J. Maynard Keynes in an article in 1932 "Exhortations and Prophecies" poses to public attention the fact that global development has been marked by excessive limits of scarcity 'of one of the factors produzione.Mentre until the end of the century 19.mo limiting factor 'has always been represented by the capital in 20.mo the factor that has begun to limit so more and more' decisive development and 'the natural and ambientale.Fra natural resources that affected the evolution of more' and stavolgente ' just water. Unfortunately you can 'say that the evolution of the value of this resource from the zero level is becoming more' levels is remarkable when viewed soto of a strictly private good than the public good. 3-Water: human right, private property, public or common goods? Water is the basis of life on the planet. It is therefore a private good, public or common good? Water is the most abundant resource on our planet, yet it is increasingly scarce. Why? What is the relationship between scarcity and production systems, and lifestyles? Is there a connection between the lack of access to drinking water of about one quarter of the world's population and control the sources and water services by multinational companies? What are the reasons and effects of privatization? What are the responsibilities of governments? It's a chance that water conflicts will increase exponentially and that the new millennium has opened with the water war in Cochabamba? He made this clear on what is an anal this good in terms of human rights and in relation to the way of considering the good (public, private or shared?) 4-The location of water resources and territory The water on Earth is 40 percent less than thirty years ago, and in 2020 three billion people remain without. But the stronger states are already exploiting the situation to turn this resource into tradable good. Given the failure of the technique increases the doomsday predictions about the battle that will rage for global access to '"blue gold" of the twenty-first century. "Whisky is for drinking, water for fighting," stated Mark Twain, and theories of international observers, politicians and strategists seem to confirm that reflection. Faced with the alarming data about the status of water resources, most experts said that "the wars of the twenty-first century break out because of disputes on access to water." 5-Water as a resource and the enterprises The resource has been sometimes limited to suitability 'of land and business opportunity companies, but also indirect and direct. The system of concessions and 'up to now proved to be a consistent, transparent generally effective and efficient for the overall economic system. Not excessive level of privatization. The "In House" is a chance 'to combine the concrete and transparent access parasitic and speculative non-economic levels with the need of water. 6 - The need for 'a new form of governance. The state of the subject of guidance and coordination and provider of services to help companies' role as the sole intermediary between the supranational and the equation selected private-efficiency Privatisation will also always be a price increase of water tariffs, which heightens, especially in the countries of the South, the problems of the population's access to the resource. However, a fundamental shift in perspective. Water must not be a commodity of a private nature, but must return from the commons, including those goods in which human rights must be guaranteed access to all and to each according to his need. In this perspective can also be set a "fair price", however, to ensure that all minimal and essential, beyond this threshold, the wastefulness deterrent. Its management, remittance to citizens and local communities, must preserve them forever, pass it on to future generations and for it to remain at the earth and all species, which in fact belongs 7-Conclusions Water must not become the "blue gold" of the twenty-first century, after the oil has been the "black gold" of the twentieth century. The water should rather be understood as a common heritage of humanity. Access to safe water is an inalienable human right and social, that must be guaranteed to all human beings. For this to happen we must subtract the water and replace the logic of the market area of the commons, which the board must be able to sit all the inhabitants of the Earth with equal rights, including future generations. This is even more relevant for developing countries, where market failures are relatively more pervasive. 8-Bibliography "International Decade for Action, Water for Life 2005-2015." UN Resolution A/RES/58/217 of 9 February 2004. "Observance of World Day for Water" UN Resolution A/RES/47/193 of 22 December 1992. Geopolitics of the water, Margaret Ciervo, Carocci Editore, July 2009 The economy of water services (survey of economic and structural variables of the water services in Italy), Roberto Malaman, Stephen Peak, Franco Angeli Editore, 1998 Census of water for civil use, Istat, December 2009