Traversing the effects of ploidy changes in different Eragrostis curvula genotypes through high‐throughput RNA sequencing

Many crop species carry extra sets of chromosomes (polyploidy), which can generate novelty at the cellular level. Our study investigated the transcriptomic effects of genome doubling in Eragrostis curvula, a forage grass that naturally occurs with two to eight sets of chromosomes. Using an RNA sequencing approach, we searched for genes associated with the transition from diploid to polyploid. Many genes related to stress responses, cell wall reprogramming, and epigenetic regulation were modulated upon genome duplication in E. curvula. We identified candidate genes that could provide a polyploid advantage under climate change fluctuations while improving forage digestibility. These genes can be used as targets of breeding programs aimed at balancing stress tolerance and biomass digestibility. Overall, our findings show how having extra chromosome sets can generate useful crop diversity, laying the basis for developing more resilient, high‐quality forage grasses.